Alteraciones en las funciones ejecutivas en consumidores de metanfetamina: revisión sistemática FUNCIONES EJECUTIVAS EN CONSUMIDORES DE METANFETAMINA

Alavi, S., Darharaj, M., Bilehsavar, S., Amini, M., Zafarghandi, M., Berenji, V., & Arezoomandan, R. (2021). Successful use of minocycline for the treatment of methamphetamine-induced psychosis and cognitive impairments: An open-label case series. Clinical neuropharmacology, 44(4), 126–131. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNF.0000000000000460

Alizadehgoradel, J., Nejati, V., Sadeghi Movahed, F., Imani, S., Taherifard, M., Mosayebi-Samani, M., Vicario, C., Nitsche, M., Salehinejad, M. (2020). Repeated stimulation of the dorsolateral-prefrontal cortex improves executive dysfunctions and craving in drug addiction: A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study. Brain stimulation, 13(3), 582–593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2019.12.028

Alizadehgoradel, J., Imani, S., Nejati, V., Vanderhasselt, M., Molaei, B., Salehinejad, M., Ahmadi, S., & Taherifard, M. (2021). Improved executive functions and reduced craving in youths with methamphetamine addiction: Evidence from combined transcranial direct current stimulation with mindfulness treatment. Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience: the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 19(4), 653–668. https://doi.org/10.9758/cpn.2021.19.4.653

Anderson, A., Robinson, A., Lubman, D., & Verdejo-Garcia, A. (2022). Protocol for a cluster randomised crossover pilot trial of Goal Management Training+ (GMT+) for methamphetamine use disorder. Contemporary clinical trials communications, 29, 100969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conctc.2022.100969

Anderson, A., Robinson, A., Potter, E., Kerley, B., Flynn, D., Lubman, D., & Verdejo-García, A. (2022). Development of goal management training+ for methamphetamine use disorder through collaborative design. Frontiers in psychiatry, 13, 876018. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.876018

Bakhshinezhad, H., Darharaj, M., Feyzi, Y. F., Babaei, S., Ahadi, R., Jamei, B., Pourhamzeh, M., Daneshi, A., & Arezoomandan, R. (2022). The relationship between brain metabolites alterations and neuropsychological deficits in patients with methamphetamine use disorder: A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study. Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists, 37(1), 160–172. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab033

Ballard, M., Dean, A., Mandelkern, M., & London, E. (2015). Striatal dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability is associated with executive function in healthy controls but not methamphetamine users. PloS one, 10(12), e0143510. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143510

Bensmann, W., Ernst, J., Rädle, M., Opitz, A., Beste, C., & Stock, A. (2019). Methamphetamine users show no behavioral deficits in response selection after protracted abstinence. Frontiers in psychiatry. 19, 823. https://10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00823

Bousman, C., Cherner, M., Glatt, S., Atkinson, J., Grant, I., Tsuang, M., & Everall, I. (2010). Impact of COMT Val158Met on executive functioning in the context of HIV and methamphetamine. Neurobehavioral HIV Medicine,1-11. https://10.2147/NBHIV.S8245.

*Carolien, J., Bruijnen, C., Dijkstra, B., Walvoort, S., Markus, W., VanDerNagel, J., Kessels, R. & Jong, C. (2019). Prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with substance use disorder. Drug and Alcohol Review., 38: 435 442. https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.12922

Casaletto, K., Obermeit, L., Morgan, E., Weber, E., Franklin, D., Grant, I., Woods, S. & Translational Methamphetamine AIDS Research Center (TMARC) Group (2015). Depression and executive dysfunction contribute to a metamemory deficit among individuals with methamphetamine use disorders. Addictive behaviors, 40, 45–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.08.007

Casaletto, K., Moore, D., Woods, S., Umlauf, A., Scott, J. & Heaton, R. (2016). Abbreviated goal management training shows preliminary evidence as a neurorehabilitation tool for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders among substance users. The Clinical neuropsychologist, 30(1), 107–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2015.1129437

Cattie, J., Woods, S., Iudicello, J., Posada, C., Grant, I. & TMARC Group (2012). Elevated neurobehavioral symptoms are associated with everyday functioning problems in chronic methamphetamine users. The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 24(3), 331–339. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.11080192

Chen, C., Lin, S., Chen, Y., Huang, M., Chen, T., Ree, S. & Wang, L. (2015). Persistence of psychotic symptoms as an indicator of cognitive impairment in methamphetamine users. Drug and alcohol dependence, 148, 158–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.035

Chen, Y., Wang, L., Lin, S., & Chen, C. (2015). Neurocognitive profiles of methamphetamine users: comparison of those with or without concomitant ketamine use. Substance use & misuse, 50(14), 1778–1785. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2015.1050110

Cherner, M., Watson, C., Saloner, R., Halpin, L., Minassian, A., Murray, S., Vaida, F., Bousman, C., Everall, I., & TMARC Group. (2019). Adverse effect of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met met/met genotype in methamphetamine-related executive dysfunction. Addictive Behavior, 98, 106023. https://10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.06.012

Chung, A., Lyoo, I. K., Kim, S. J., Hwang, J., Bae, S. C., Sung, Y. H., Sim, M. E., Song, I. C., Kim, J., Chang, K. & Renshaw, P. (2007). Decreased frontal white-matter integrity in abstinent methamphetamine abusers. The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 10(6), 765–775. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1461145706007395

Cloak, C., Alicata, D., Chang, L., Andrews-Shigaki, B., & Ernst, T. (2011). Age and sex effects levels of choline compounds in the anterior cingulate cortex of adolescent methamphetamine users. Drug and alcohol dependence, 119(3), 207–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.06.017

*CONADIC (2021). Informe sobre la Situación de la Salud Mental y el Consumo de Sustancias Psicoactivas. Autor.

*Dean, A., Groman, S., Morales, A. & London, E. (2013). An evaluation of the evidence that methamphetamine abuse causes cognitive decline in humans. Neuropsychopharmacology, 38, 259-274. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2012.179

Dean, A., Kohno, M., Morales, A., Ghahremani, D., & London, E. (2015). Denial in methamphetamine users: Associations with cognition and functional connectivity in brain. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 51, 84-91. https://10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.03.004

Dean, A., Nurmi, E., Morales, A., Cho, A., Seaman, L. & London, E. (2021). CYP2D6 genotype may moderate measures of brain structure in methamphetamine users. Addiction biology, 26(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.12950

Durvasula, R., Hinkin, C. (2006). Neuropsychological dysfunction among HIV infected drug abusers. Am J Infect Dis. 2006;2(2):67-73.

Ellis, C., Hoffman, W., Jaehnert, S., Plagge, J., Loftis, J., Schwartz, D., Huckans, M. (2016). Everyday problems with executive dysfunction and impulsivity in adults recovering from methamphetamine addiction. Addictive Disorder & Their Treatment;15(1), 1-5.

Ezzatpanah, Z., Shariat, S., & Tehrani-Doost, M. (2014). Cognitive functions in methamphetamine induced psychosis compared to schizophrenia and normal subjects. Iranian journal of psychiatry, 9(3), 152–157.

Ekhtiari, H., Rezapour, T., Sawyer, B., Yeh, H., Kuplicki, R., Tarrasch, M., Paulus, M., Aupperle, R. (2021). Neurocognitive Empowerment for Addiction Treatment (NEAT): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 22, 330. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-021-05268-8

Farhadian, M., Akbarfahimi, M., Hassan, P., Hosseini, S., Shokri, S. (2017). Assessment of

executive functions in methamphetamine-addicted Individuals: emphasis on duration of addiction and abstinence. Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 8(2):147-153. https://10.18869/nirp.bcn.8.2.147

*Farías, S., Querejeta, A., Godoy, J. (2021). Adaptación de la behavioural assessment of the Dysexecutive. Dialnet, 8044693. 1-25. https://doi.org/10.7714/CNPS/15.1.202

Fayaz-Feyzi, Y., Vahed, N., Sadeghamal, N. & Arezoomandan, R. (2022). Synergistic effect of combined transcranial direct current stimulation and Matrix ‎Model on the reduction of methamphetamine craving and improvement of cognitive ‎functioning: a randomized sham-controlled study. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 48(3), 311–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2021.2015771

Forghani, M., Ghanbari, H., & Abadi, B. (2016). The effect of group therapy with transactional analysis approach on emotional intelligence, executive functions and drug dependency. Iranian journal of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, 10(2), e2423. https://doi.org/10.17795/ijpbs-2423

Gan, H., Song, Z., Xu, P., Su, H., Pan, Y., Zhao, M., Liu, D. (2018). A comparison study of working memory deficits between patients with methamphetamine-associated psychosis and patients with schizophrenia. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry. 2018 Jun 25;30(3):168-177. doi: 10.11919/j.issn.1002-0829.217166.

Gonzalez, R., Bechara, A. & Martin, E. (2007). Executive functions among individuals with methamphetamine or alcohol as drugs of choice: preliminary observations. Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology, 29(2), 155–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803390600582446

Hamideh, B., Mohammad, D., Fayaz Feyzi, S., Reza, A., Behnammaddin, J., Mahsa, P., Abdolhadi, D., Reza, A. (2022). The relationship between brain metabolites alterations and neuropsychological deficits in patients with methamphetamine use disorder: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, Volume 37, Issue 1, February 2022, Pages 160–172, https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab033

Han, D., Yoon, S., Sung, Y., Lee, Y., Kee, B., Lyoo, I., Renshaw, P. & Cho, S. (2008). A preliminary study: novelty seeking, frontal executive function, and dopamine receptor (D2) TaqI A gene polymorphism in patients with methamphetamine dependence. Comprehensive psychiatry, 49(4), 387–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.01.008

Henry, B., Minassian, A., & Perry, W. (2010). Effect of methamphetamine dependence on

everyday functional ability. Addictive Behaviors, 35(6):593-598. https://10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.01.013

Henry, B., Minassian, A., Van Rhenen, M., Young, J., Geyer, M., Perry, W., & Translational Methamphetamine AIDS Research Center (TMARC) Group (2011). Effect of methamphetamine dependence on inhibitory deficits in a novel human open-field paradigm. Psychopharmacology, 215(4), 697–707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-011-2170-2

Henry, J., Mazur, M. & Rendell, P. (2009). Social-cognitive difficulties in former users of methamphetamine. The British journal of clinical psychology, 48(Pt 3), 323–327. https://doi.org/10.1348/000712609X435742

Hong, G., Yan, Z., Haifeng, J., Youwei, Z., Tianzhen, C., Haoye, T., Na, Z., Jiang, D., Min, Z. (2018). A research of methamphetamine induced psychosis in 1,430 Individuals with methamphetamine use disorder: Clinical features and possible risk factors. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00551

Huckans, M., Boyd, S., Moncrief, G., Hantke, N., Winters, B., Shirley, K., Sano, E., McCready, H., Dennis, L., Kohno, M., Hoffman, W., & Loftis, J. (2021). Cognition during active methamphetamine use versus remission. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 43(6), 599-610. https://10.1080/13803395.2021.1976734.

Ipser, J., Uhlmann, A., Taylor, P., Harvey, B., Wilson, D. & Stein, D. (2018). Distinct intrinsic functional brain network abnormalities in methamphetamine-dependent patients with and without a history of psychosis. Addiction biology, 23(1), 347–358. https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.12478

Iudicello, J., Weber, E., Grant, I., Weinborn, M., Woods, S. & HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center (HNRC) Group. (2011). Misremembering future intentions in methamphetamine-dependent individuals. The Clinical neuropsychologist, 25(2), 269–286. https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2010.546812

Jaffe, C., Bush, K., Straits-Troster, K., Meredith, C., Romwall, L., Rosenbaum, G., Cherrier, M., & Saxon, A. (2005). A comparison of methamphetamine-dependent inpatients childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptomatology. Journal of addictive diseases, 24(3), 133–152. https://doi.org/10.1300/J069v24n03_11

Jovanovski, D., & Zakzanis, K. (2003). Donepezil in a chronic drug user a potential treatment?. Human psychopharmacology, 18(7), 561–564. https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.530

*Kalechstein, A., Newton, T. & Green, M. (2003). Methamphetamine dependence is associated with Neurocognitive Imparment in the initial phases of abstinence. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 15(2), 215-220.

Kalechstein, A., Yoon, J., Croft, D., Jaeggi, S., Mahoney, J. & De La Garza, R. (2011). Low dose, short-term rivastigmine administration does not affect neurocognition in methamphetamine dependent individuals. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 99(3), 423–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2011.05.013

Kesby J., Heaton, R., Young, J., Umlauf, A., Woods, S., Letendre, S., Markou, A., Grant, I., Semenova, S. (2015). Methamphetamine exposure combined with HIV-1 disease or gp120 Expression: Comparison of learning and executive functions in humans and mice. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2015 Jul;40(8):1899-909. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2015.39

Khalkhali, M., Golshahi, M., Hasandokht, T., Kafie, M., & Zare, R. (2018). Cognitive functioning in schizophrenia, methamphetamine-induced psychotic disorder, and healthy people: A comparative study. Advanced biomedical research, 7, 123. https://doi.org/10.4103/abr.abr_14_18

*Kim, S., Lyoo, I., Hwang, J., Sung, Y., Lee, H., Lee, D., Jeong, D. & Renshaw, P. (2005). Frontal glucose hypometabolism in abstinent methamphetamine users. Neuropsychopharmacology: official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 30(7), 1383–1391. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1300699

Kim, Y., Lee, S., Kwon, D., Seo, J., Ahn, B. & Lee, J. (2009). Dose- dependent frontal hypometabolism on FDG-PET in methamphetamine abusers. Journal of psychiatric research, 43(14), 1166–1170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.03.011

King, G., Alicata, D., Cloak, C., & Chang, L. (2010). Neuropsychological deficits in Adolescent methamphetamine abusers. Psychopharmacology, 212(2), 243–249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-010-1949-x

Koopowitz, S., Cotton, S., Uhlmann, A., Thomas, K. & Stein, D. (2022). Executive function in methamphetamine users with and without psychosis. Psychiatry research, 317, 114820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114820

Lim, A., Grodin, E., Green, R., Venegas, A., Meredith, L., Courtney, K., Moallem, N., Sayegh, P., London, E., & Ray, L. (2020). Executive function moderates naltrexone effects on methamphetamine-induced craving and subjective responses. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 46(5), 565-576. https://10.1080/00952990.2020.1741002

Liu, X. & Wang, S. (2021). Effect of aerobic exercise on executive function in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder: Modulation by the autonomic nervous system. Psychiatry research, 306, 114241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114241

London, E., Kohno, M., Morales, A., Ballard, M. (2015). Chronic methamphetamine abuse and corticostriatal deficits revealed by neuroimaging. Brain research, 1628(Pt A), 174–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2014.10.044

Lyoo, I., Yoon, S., Kim, T., Lim, S., Choi, Y., Kim, J., Hwang, J., Jeong, H., Cho, H., Chung, Y., Renshaw, P. (2015). Predisposition to and effects of methamphetamine use on the adolescent brain. Molecular psychiatry, 20(12), 1516–1524. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2014.191

*Matthew J., McKenzie J., Bossuyt, P., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T., Mulrow, C., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J., Akl, E., Brennan, S., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M., Li, T., Loder, E., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., McGuinness, L., Stewart, L., Thomas, J., Tricco, A., Welch, V., Whiting, P., Moher, D. (2020). Declaración PRISMA 2020: una guía actualizada para la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas. Revista Española de Cardiología.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recesp.2021.06.016

McCann, U., Kuwabara, H., Kumar, A., Palermo, M., Abbey, R., Brasic, J., Ye, W., Alexander, M., Dannals, R., Wong, D. & Ricaurte, G. (2008). Persistent cognitive and dopamine transporter deficits in abstinent methamphetamine users. Synapse (New York, N.Y.), 62(2), 91–100. https://doi.org/10.1002/syn.20471

Mejía-Cruz, D., Hernández, L., & Ávila-Chauvet, L. (2022). Discounting and Executive functions as indicators of methamphetamine use in adolescents and adults: Discounting and executive tasks by meth-users. Revista Argentina de Ciencias del comportamiento. 14(3),139-147. https://doi.org/10.32348/1852.4206.v14.n3.32190

Menglu, S., Ruiwen, L., Suyong, Y., & Dong, Z. (2021). Effects of Tai Chi on the executive function and physical fitness of female methamphetamine dependents: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in psychiatry, 12, 653229. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.653229

Menglu, S., Suyong, Y., Xiaoyan, W., Schöllhorn, W. & Dong, Z. (2021). Cognitive effectiveness of high-intensity interval training for individuals with methamphetamine dependence: a study protocol for randomised controlled trial. Trials, 22(1), 650. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-021-05615-9

*Miyake, A., Friedman, N., Emerson, M., Witzki, A., Howerter, A. & Wager, T. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex "Frontal Lobe" tasks: a latent variable analysis. Cognitive psychology, 41(1), 49–100. https://doi.org/10.1006/cogp.1999.0734

Moaveni, A., Fayaz Feyzi, Y., Tayebeh Rahideh, S., & Arezoomandan, R. (2022). The relationship between serum brain-derived neurotrophic level and neurocognitive functions in chronic methamphetamine users. Neuroscience letters, 772, 136478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136478

Moaveni, A., Fayaz Feyzi, Y., Tayebeh, S., Reza, A., Nestor, L., Ghahremani, D. & London, E. (2023). Reduced neural functional connectivity during working memory performance in methamphetamine use disorder. Drug and alcohol dependence, 243, 109764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109764

Morgan, E., Doyle, K., Minassian, A., Henry, B., Perry, W., Marcotte, T., Woods, S., Grant, I., & Translational Methamphetamine AIDS Research (TMARC) Group (2014). Elevated intraindividual variability in methamphetamine dependence is associated with poorer everyday functioning. Psychiatry research, 220(1-2), 527–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.07.008

Mu, L., Wang, Y., Wang, L., Xia, L., Zhao, W., Song, P., Li, J., Wang, W., Zhu, L., Li, H., Wang,Y., Tang, H., Zhang, L., Song, X., Shao, W., Zhang, X., Xu, H., Jiao, D. (2022). Associations of executive function and age of first use of methamphetamine with methamphetamine relapse. Frontiers Psychiatry, 13, 971825. https://10.3389/fpsyt.2022.971825.

Nestor, L., Ghahremani, D., Monterosso, J., & London, E. (2011). Prefrontal hypoactivation during cognitive control in early abstinent methamphetamine-dependent subjects. Psychiatry research, 194(3), 287–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.04.010

Nestor, L., Ghahremani, D., London, E. (2023). Reduced neural functional connectivity during working memory performance in methamphetamine use disorder. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Volume 243.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109764.

Nieto, S., & Ray, L. (2022). Applying the Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment to derive neurofunctional domains in individuals who use methamphetamine. Behavioural brain research, 427, 113876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113876

Pirnia, B., Pirnia, K., Aghajanpoor, M., Mardan, F., & Zahiroddin, A. (2018). Relationship between function of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and executive functions in chronic methamphetamine users: A cross-sectional study. Asian journal of psychiatry, 35, 113–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2018.05.001

*Potvin, S., Pelletier, J., Grot, S., Hébert, C., Barr, A. M., & Lecomte, T. (2018). Cognitive deficits in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder: A meta-analysis. Addictive behaviors, 80, 154–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.01.021

*Rendell, P., Mazur, M., & Henry, J. (2009). Prospective memory impairment in former users of methamphetamine. Psychopharmacology, 203(3), 609–616. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-008-1408-0

Rubenis, A., Fitzpatrick, R., Lubman, D., & Verdejo-Garcia, A. (2019). Working memory predicts methamphetamine hair concentration over the course of treatment: moderating effect of impulsivity and implications for dual-systems model. Addiction biology, 24(1), 145–153. https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.12575

Salo, R., Gabay, S., Fassbender, C., Henik, A. (2011). Distributed attentional deficits in chronic methamphetamine abusers: evidence from the Attentional Network Task (ANT). Brain Cogn. 2011 Dec;77(3):446-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2011.08.012

Saloner, R., Cherner, M., Sundermann, E., Watson, C., Iudicello, J., Letendre, S., Kumar, A., & Ellis, R. (2020). COMT val158met genotype alters the effects of methamphetamine dependence on dopamine and dopamine-related executive function: preliminary findings. Psychiatry research, 292, 113269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113269

Sim, T., Simon, S., Domier, C., Richardson, K., Rawson, R. & Ling, W. (2002). Cognitive deficits among methamphetamine users with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptomatology. Journal of addictive diseases, 21(1), 75–89. https://doi.org/10.1300/j069v21n01_07

*Simon, S., Domier, C., Carnell, J., Brethen, P., Rawson, R. and Ling, W. (2000). Cognitive impairment in individuals currently using methamphetamine. American Journal on Addictions, 9(3), 222-231. https://10.1080/10550490050148053

Simon, S., Domier, C., Sim, T., Richardson, K., Rawson, R., Ling, W. (2002). Cognitive performance of current methamphetamine and cocaine abusers. Journal of addictive diseases, 21(1), 61–74. https://doi.org/10.1300/j069v21n01_06

*Simon, S., Dean, A., Cordova, X., Monterosso, J., & London, E. (2010). Methamphetamine dependence and neuropsychological functioning: evaluating change during early abstinence. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 71(3), 335-344. https://10.15288/jsad.2010.71.335

Srisurapanont, M., Lamyai, W., Pono, K., Indrakamhaeng, D., Saengsin, A., Songhong, N., Khuwuthyakorn, P., & Jantamo, P. (2020). Cognitive impairment in methamphetamine users with recent psychosis: A cross-sectional study in Thailand. Drug and alcohol dependence, 210, 107961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107961

*Stock, A., Rädle, M., & Beste, C. (2019). Methamphetamine-associated difficulties in cognitive control allocation may normalize after prolonged abstinence. Progress inneuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 88, 41–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.06.015

*UNODC, 2022. United Nations office on drugs and crime. United States. https://www.unodc.org/unodc/es/about-unodc/index.html

Van der Plas, E., Crone, E., Van den Wildenberg, W., Tranel, D., & Bechara, A. (2009). Executive control deficits in substance-dependent individuals: a comparison of alcohol, cocaine, and methamphetamine and of men and women. Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology, 31(6), 706–719. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803390802484797

Verdejo-García, A., Bechara, A., Recknor, E., & Pérez-García, M. (2006). Executive dysfunction in substance dependent individuals during drug use and abstinence: an examination of the behavioral, cognitive and emotional correlates of addiction. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society: JINS, 12(3), 405–415. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617706060486

Weber, E., Blackstone, K., Iudicello, J., Morgan, E., Grant, I., Moore, D., Woods, S. & Translational Methamphetamine AIDS Research Center (TMARC) Group (2012). Neurocognitive deficits are associated with unemployment in chronic methamphetamine users. Drug and alcohol dependence, 125(1-2), 146–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.04.002

Weber, E., Morgan, E., Iudicello, J., Blackstone, K., Grant, I., Ellis, R., Letendre, S., Little, S., Morris, S., Smith, D., Moore, D., Woods, S. & TMARC Group (2013). Substance use is a risk factor for neurocognitive deficits and neuropsychiatric distress in acute and early HIV infection. Journal of neurovirology, 19(1), 65–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-012-0141-y

Winhusen, T., Somoza, E., Lewis, D., Kropp, F., Horigian, V., & Adinoff, B. (2013). Frontal systems deficits in stimulant-dependent patients: evidence of pre-illness dysfunction and relationship to treatment response. Drug and alcohol dependence, 127(1-3), 94–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.06.017

Winhusen, T., & Lewis, D. (2013). Sex differences in disinhibition and its relationship to physical abuse in a sample of stimulant-dependent patients. Drug and alcohol dependence, 129(1-2), 158–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.09.014

Winhusen, T., Walker, J., Brigham, G., Lewis, D., Somoza, E., Theobald, J., & Somoza, V. (2013). Preliminary evaluation of a model of stimulant use, oxidative damage and executive dysfunction. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 39(4), 227–234. https://doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2013.798663

Wunderli, M., Vonmoos, M., Fürst, M., Schädelin, K., Kraemer, T., Baumgartner, M., Seifritz, E., & Quednow, B. B. (2017). Discrete memory impairments in largely pure chronic users of MDMA. European neuropsychopharmacology: the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 27(10), 987–999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.08.425

Zhao, X., Wang, L., & Maes, J. (2021). Training and transfer effects of working memory updating training in male abstinent long-term methamphetamine users. Addictive Behavior Report,8(14):100385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100385.