Evaluación de la comunicación social para infantes de 6 a 18 meses: síntesis de mapeo sistemático Evaluación de la comunicación social

Vol. 17 Núm. 2 (2025): Número Especial: Artículos del XVIII Congreso de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Neuropsicologia

11 min

Evaluación de la comunicación social para infantes de 6 a 18 meses: síntesis de mapeo sistemático Evaluación de la comunicación social

Autores/as

Hansel Soto Hernández Laboratório de Pesquisa e Extensão em Neuropsicologia (LAPEN), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6536-1585
Gabriel Bernardo dos Reis Laboratório de Pesquisa e Extensão em Neuropsicologia (LAPEN), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brasil. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4570-0567
Laura Aragão Laboratório de Pesquisa e Extensão em Neuropsicologia (LAPEN), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2033-9015
Izabel Hazin Laboratório de Pesquisa e Extensão em Neuropsicologia (LAPEN), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4045-8628
Carla Anauate Centro Integrado de Neuropsicologia e Psicologia (CINAPSI), São Paulo, Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6929-6813

Publicación:

18/04/2025

Cómo citar

Soto Hernández , H. ., Bernardo dos Reis, G., Aragão , L., Hazin, I., & Anauate, C. (2025). Evaluación de la comunicación social para infantes de 6 a 18 meses: síntesis de mapeo sistemático: Evaluación de la comunicación social . Neuropsicología Latinoamericana, 17(2), 1–14. Recuperado a partir de https://www.neuropsicolatina.org/index.php/Neuropsicologia_Latinoamericana/article/view/928

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Resumen

Las herramientas de evaluación del desarrollo infantil destinadas a bebés o niños pequeños son un recurso crucial para valorar los hitos evolutivos y, con ello, garantizar la vigilancia, prognosis e intervención precoz. La evaluación de la comunicación social, por medio de instrumentos idóneos, tiene un valor predictivo del desarrollo infantil, tanto en niños con trayectorias típicas como atípicas. El objetivo de la presente revisión integradora es describir la estructura del contenido y analizar instrumentos de evaluación infantil sensibles a los hitos de la comunicación social o precursores lingüísticos en infantes de 6 a 18 meses, utilizados tanto a nivel internacional como en la región latinoamericana, disponibles en español, portugués e inglés. Para ello, se sintetizan y resumen los resultados de dos mapeos sistemáticos previos, realizados bajo el método PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Estos instrumentos incluyen: 1) escalas o pruebas de cribado del desarrollo infantil que abordan el dominio de la comunicación social, y 2) herramientas que evalúan la comunicación social o ciertos precursores lingüísticos, como la atención conjunta, la dirección de la mirada, los tipos de gestos, la interacción social, las coordinaciones perceptivo-motoras y el uso de objetos, entre otros. Además, se analizaron otras características relevantes de los instrumentos, como la perspectiva teórica subyacente y la disponibilidad de estudios de traducción y validación cultural para la región latinoamericana, así como su utilidad clínica para el diagnóstico e intervención precoces en el desarrollo infantil. En total, se encontraron 18 escalas o instrumentos de cribado, así como 26 instrumentos de evaluación de la comunicación social o prelingüística, de acuerdo con los criterios de elegibilidad. De estos últimos, 5 están dirigidos al rastreo inicial de signos de Trastorno del Espectro del Autismo (TEA). Se presenta una síntesis de instrumentos conocidos y usados en Latinoamérica para esos fines. Se confirma la prevalencia de instrumentos infantiles en inglés, y los estudios de traducción, validación cultural y diseño de nuevos instrumentos para la región latinoamericana se encuentran en fase de desarrollo. Desde un enfoque crítico, se analizan las ventajas y desventajas del uso de instrumentos infantiles para el diagnóstico del desarrollo infantil desde las primeras edades. Esta revisión proporciona información relevante para la toma de decisiones de profesionales que trabajan con niños desde la etapa prelingüística, quienes enfrentan la demanda de monitorear el desarrollo infantil con fines clínicos e investigativos.

Palabras clave (ES):

infantes

comunicación no verbal

desarrollo infantil

evaluación neuropsicológica

Biografía del autor/a

Hansel Soto Hernández , Laboratório de Pesquisa e Extensão em Neuropsicologia (LAPEN), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brasil.

Doctor en Ciencias (Psicología).

Gabriel Bernardo dos Reis, Laboratório de Pesquisa e Extensão em Neuropsicologia (LAPEN), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brasil.

Estudiante de Psicología.

Laura Aragão , Laboratório de Pesquisa e Extensão em Neuropsicologia (LAPEN), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brasil.

Doctora en Psicología.

Izabel Hazin, Laboratório de Pesquisa e Extensão em Neuropsicologia (LAPEN), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brasil.

Doctora en Psicología Cognitiva.

Carla Anauate, Centro Integrado de Neuropsicologia e Psicologia (CINAPSI), São Paulo, Brasil.

Doctora en Psicología.

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